Work on surface sensing in bacterial biofilms has focused on how cells transduce sensory input into cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signaling, low and high levels of which generally correlate with ...

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

A scheme of simple band-pass RC- and LR- filters on operational amplifiers containing only one capacitor or inductor and 3 resistors is proposed. A comparison is made of the amplitude-frequency ...