A research team led by Switzerland's EPFL has sought to simplify TOPCon solar cell production by combining the two required high-temperature steps – front-side emitter formation and rear passivating ...

The major factors affecting the performance of crystalline thin films are the presence of grain boundaries and inherent crystal structure. Post-deposition annealing is frequently employed to improve ...

Researchers at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Center Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM) in Switzerland developed a novel single-step thermal annealing process for ...

ZnO varistor ceramics were synthesised by cold sintering/spark plasma sintering and post-annealing treatment. Intriguingly, the ZnO varistor ceramics present ultrahigh potential gradient, high ...

Today, fabricators processing prototypes or low-quantity jobs can print their own press brake tooling. They need to ensure a ...

We use metals in construction, domestic appliances, vehicles, and many other everyday products. It really can be said that metals have built the modern world. To fine-tune the desired properties of ...

The carbon-free annealing system operates solely on electricity by replacing the burners of conventional combustion-based ...