A larm bells are tolling for students of all ages and literacy levels, from trends in COVID-19 recovery, to fundamental ...
Rudolf Flesch’s 1955 book Why Johnny Can’t Read advocated for phonics-based instruction, followed by Jeanne Chall’s The Great Debate and the National Reading Panel’s 2000 report, which emphasized the ...
Thousands of schools once used three-cueing as part of the “balanced literacy” approach championed by Calkins and others that focused, for example, on having children independently read books ...
The opposing side champions "balanced literacy," emphasizing word recognition and context clues. Policies have vacillated back and forth for over a century, but since 2019, the science of reading ...