Quantitative measurement of the behavior of model organisms is an important tool for understanding genetics, evolution, development and the nervous system, and it has led to insights into human ...

An addiction is a chronic dysfunction of the brain system that involves reward, motivation, and memory. It’s about the way your body craves a substance or behavior, especially if it causes a ...

Positive punishment means giving an undesirable consequence after an unwanted behavior to make it less appealing. It aims to stop the behavior from happening again. However, long term, there may be a ...