This is the first article in a new series on the anatomy and physiology of ageing. The series explores normal age-related changes that occur in the anatomy and physiology of the major organ systems ...

How does the heart work? What does it do? What is it composed of? How do you examine it? This article offers cardiac anatomy and physiology in a nutshell. The heart is a complex organ that pumps blood ...

With aging there are changes in the cardiovascular system, which result in alterations in cardiovascular physiology. The changes in cardiovascular physiology must be differentiated from the effects of ...

Students in Anatomy and Physiology learn the structure and function of the body’s organ systems (digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, etc.). Students dissect animal specimens and analyze ...

Read at the meeting of the New England Heart Association, Cardiac Course, at Boston, December 2, 1931. Ernstene — Assistant in Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital. For record and address of author see ...