Custom polymer structures can now be 3D printed inside living cells using laser-based fabrication, opening paths to intracellular sensors, cell tracking tags, and embedded microlasers.

Human cells are extremely small and tightly packed – at about 20 micrometers across, ...

(a) The specific structure of a natural biological cell membrane, which owns an ultrathin structure and a dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic character. (b) Interface strain as the driving force to curl the ...

Cellular membrane proteins play many important roles throughout the body, including transporting substances in and out of the cell, transmitting signals, speeding up reactions and helping neighboring ...