Molecular processes are inherently random and yet we can meaningfully predict the yield or the rate of a chemical reaction. In this course we discover that this apparent paradox is explained by the ...

Chemical thermodynamics and energetics are essential fields of study that explore the energy changes associated with chemical reactions and physical transformations. These disciplines are crucial ...

Every chemical reaction involves a change in energy because different substances hold different amounts of energy. During the reaction, bonds inside the substances that are reacting together must ...

Photosynthesis - mainly carried out by plants - is based on a remarkably efficient energy conversion process. To generate chemical energy, sunlight must first be captured and transported further. This ...