This is where Emmy Noether, a groundbreaking German mathematician, comes into the picture. She found a breathtakingly simple ...

One truly elegant hypothesis of physics is the "zero-energy universe" hypothesis. It proposes that the net sum of the energy in the universe perfectly equates to zero. According to the idea, if you ...

The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the ...

Coupled climatemodels are prone to “drift” (long-term unforced trends in state variables) due to incomplete spinup and nonclosure of the global mass and energy budgets. Here we assess model drift and ...

Emmy Noether showed that fundamental physical laws are just a consequence of simple symmetries. A century later, her insights continue to shape physics. In the fall of 1915, the foundations of physics ...

So-called “higher symmetries” are illuminating everything from particle decays to the behavior of complex quantum systems. For that reason, research across physics is now building to a crescendo. It ...