The circuit in Figure 1 sinks a constant current (ICE3) through Q3’s collector and emitter. This design is balanced so changes in Q3’s base-emitter voltage (VBE) don’t affect the current sink’s ...

The voltage-to-current converter in Figure 1 can both source and sink current. The circuit is more flexible than some traditional current references that require different topologies for current ...

STMicroelectronics has created a 100V capable precision current-sense amplifier with 120dB rejection of PWM signals. Called TSC240 and capable of bi-directional sensing, it will also work with its ...

Part 1 of this series focuses on high-performance electronic loads for testing power supplies that have low output voltage and high current. It describes the necessity for special electronic loads, ...

Current conveyor (CC) circuits are among the most common current-mode circuits and are used as critical building blocks in a variety of complex circuits. Unlike voltage-mode circuits, current-mode ...

Measuring dynamic currents with an oscilloscope is challenging, but this updated differential current probe makes it simple ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...