Using just two NAND or inverter gates its possible to build a D type (or ‘toggle’) flip-flop with a push-button input. At power-up the output of gate N2 is at a logical ‘1’, ensuring that transistor T2 ...

Now that we’ve introduced a JK flip-flop, let’s look at some circuits that we can create using it as the core element, including the T and D flip-flops. In my previous column, we started to look at ...