Data assimilation is a mathematical discipline that integrates observed data and numerical models to improve the interpretation and prediction of dynamical systems. It is a crucial component of earth ...

Data assimilation is an important mathematical discipline in earth sciences, particularly in numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, conventional data assimilation methods require significant ...

Understanding Earth's climatic past is essential for predicting future scenarios. In a recent review published in Science China Earth Sciences, Mingsong Li and his colleagues from Peking University ...