A flip-flop is one of the most basic digital electronic circuits. It can most easily be built from just two transistors, although they can and have been built out of vacuum tubes, NAND and NOR gates, ...

This lab seeks to illustrate the fundamental operation of uncontrolled rectifier circuits. The waveforms associated with these circuits are visualized using simulation and experimentation. The circuit ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

External TVS diodes can be used to supplement the internal clamping diodes of ICs. Surge ability of silicon TVS diodes are related to size. External TVS diodes can be 10x larger than internal clamping ...

Before the era of large-scale integration (LSI) semiconductor circuits, discrete logic circuits using the common diode-transistor logic (DTL) were still necessary and available in a format that was ...