Over time, the retention of sodium leads to crackles, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly with ascites, increased blood volume, and increased cardiac filling pressures. Although diuretics do not directly ...

In an observational study, furosemide doses of 250 to 500 mg and spironolactone doses of 50 to 100 mg were independently associated with approximately 14% and 20% increased odds of hyponatremia, ...