A collaboration of nuclear theorists has used supercomputers to predict the spatial distributions of charges, momentum, and other properties of 'up' and 'down' quarks within protons. The calculations ...

For decades, physicists have relied on the principle of symmetry to simplify and understand the complex behaviors of subatomic particles. Symmetry in physics basically means that some rules of nature ...

A view inside a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin pointing horizontally shows differences in the spatial distributions of the momentum of up (left) and down ...

Protons are particles that exist in the nucleus of all atoms, with their number defining the elements themselves. Protons, however, are not fundamental particles. Rather, they are composite particles ...

Quark and gluon sea: in this illustration of the proton the large spheres represent the three valence quarks, the small spheres other quarks and the springs the gluons holding them together. (Courtesy ...

The Belle collaboration at the KEK laboratory in Japan has observed a rare process whereby a bottom quark decays into a down quark, researchers announced at the Lepton-Photon symposium in Uppsala in ...

The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” ...

So there are these things called quarks. (I know, I wish they had a better name, but I'm not in charge of naming things in physics.) Quarks are little teensy tiny particles (we'll get to exactly how ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. You can take any particle in the Universe and isolate it from ...

UPTON, NY—A collaboration of nuclear theorists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Temple University, Adam Mickiewicz University of ...