For decades, physicists have relied on the principle of symmetry to simplify and understand the complex behaviors of subatomic particles. Symmetry in physics basically means that some rules of nature ...

A collaboration of nuclear theorists has used supercomputers to predict the spatial distributions of charges, momentum, and other properties of 'up' and 'down' quarks within protons. The calculations ...

A view inside a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin pointing horizontally shows differences in the spatial distributions of the momentum of up (left) and down ...

Quark and gluon sea: in this illustration of the proton the large spheres represent the three valence quarks, the small spheres other quarks and the springs the gluons holding them together. (Courtesy ...

Protons are particles that exist in the nucleus of all atoms, with their number defining the elements themselves. Protons, however, are not fundamental particles. Rather, they are composite particles ...

The Belle collaboration at the KEK laboratory in Japan has observed a rare process whereby a bottom quark decays into a down quark, researchers announced at the Lepton-Photon symposium in Uppsala in ...

So there are these things called quarks. (I know, I wish they had a better name, but I'm not in charge of naming things in physics.) Quarks are little teensy tiny particles (we'll get to exactly how ...

The LHCb collaboration is far less famous than CMS or ATLAS, but the particles and antiparticles they produce, containing charm and bottom quarks, holds new physics hints that the other detectors ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. You can take any particle in the Universe and isolate it from ...

UPTON, NY—A collaboration of nuclear theorists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Temple University, Adam Mickiewicz University of ...