In reports explaining why some currencies plunged this year, analysts may have mentioned the Real Effective Exchange Rate, or REER. The REER provides a broader assessment of a currency’s value than ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation Based on VAR analyses across 26 countries, we show that, although foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is effective in ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation There is an ongoing debate in the literature on whether global trade flows have become disconnected from the large real ...

The yen was supposed to have comeback to life this year. As of now, that hasn’t happened, and from the looks of it, it may not spring back after Friday’s Bank of Japan policy review either. The ...

The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d'Economique, Vol. 42, No. 2 (May, 2009), pp. 496-518 (23 pages) We use a quinquennial data set covering 87 countries between 1975 and 2005 to ...

The currency exchange rates that we see and use every day are nominal exchange rates. They tell us what we get if we swap a unit of one currency for another – for example, a pound-dollar exchange rate ...

Pakistan currency hit 21-month low at the international matrix of real effective exchange rate (REER) index, depreciating 1.22% to 96.61 points in June 2025, compared to the prior month of May, ...