The electrical potential across the bacterial cell envelope indicates when bacteria no longer operate as individual cells but as a collective. Researchers have discovered this connection between the ...

Zeta potential is a key indicator of the stability of colloidal dispersions and nanoparticle suspensions. It measures the electrical potential difference between the bulk of the liquid and the ...

About 20% of all adults around the world live with chronic pain. Researchers from the University of Minnesota discovered via an animal model that the combination of electrical and sound stimulation ...

The Potential Difference or Voltage Drop can be considered the voltage difference between any two points in a circuit. It is also the difference in electric potential between the final and the initial ...