This report both complements and extends Technical Reports Series No. 277/2, Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams - An International Code of Practice, IAEA Technical Reports Series ...

The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and one electron in the region outside the nucleus. The electron and proton are attracted to each other.

The effect was first detected by Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford in 1947, with the emitted photon having ... For example, the electron in a hydrogen atom attracts the proton that is the nucleus ...

Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include an electron–hole pair in a semiconductor, which forms an exciton ...

They have found a new use for the superconducting nanowire photon detectors (SNSPDs ... Found in the atomic nucleus of every element, the proton is a particle with a positive electrical charge.