Entropy estimation and information theory form the bedrock of our understanding of uncertainty and complexity in both natural and engineered systems. At its core, entropy quantifies the ...

Information theory provides a mathematical framework for quantifying information and uncertainty, forming the backbone of modern communication, signal processing, and data analysis. Central to this ...

The identities or bounds that relate information measures (e.g., the entropy and mutual information) and estimation measures (e.g., the minimum means square error ...

Exactly 200 years ago, a French engineer introduced an idea that would quantify the universe’s inexorable slide into decay. But entropy, as it’s currently understood, is less a fact about the world ...

For decades, physicists have struggled to reconcile the laws governing the very small with those that describe the vast ...

For more than a century, gravity has been the stubborn outlier in physics, resisting every attempt to merge Einstein’s smooth ...

This claim is made in the context of explaining that the limitation for AI (LLMs in particular) lies in the quality of data required to mimic intelligence—a limitation often referred to as the ...

The universe, in all its vastness, is governed by physical laws that dictate the ebb and flow of matter and energy. A cornerstone among these laws is the second law of thermodynamics, which suggests a ...

Quantum information theory is a field of study that examines how quantum technologies store and process information. Over the ...

In a landmark series of calculations, physicists have proved that black holes can shed information, which seems impossible by definition. The work appears to resolve a paradox that Stephen Hawking ...

A University of Portsmouth physicist has explored whether a new law of physics could support the much-debated theory that we are simply characters in an advanced virtual world. The simulated universe ...