Scientists have long known the ins and outs of equilibrium thermodynamics. Systems in equilibrium — a stable state of unchanging balance — are governed by a neat set of rules, making them predictable ...

A new discovery could be the beginning of a general framework of rules for seemingly unpredictable non-equilibrium systems, explain researchers. Scientists have long known the ins and outs of ...

How it works: the wave in the foreground is an illustration of the phase of an out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate in a 1D cavity, which belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.

Quantum dynamics—the study of how particles behave and interact in a quantum system—has long fascinated physicists due to its puzzling and sometimes bizarre behaviors. Unlike classical systems, where ...