One of Earth’s earliest mass extinctions wiped out most ocean life during a sudden global ice age. From the ruins, jawed vertebrates survived, diversified, and transformed the course of evolution.

The past as prologue -- Adaptation -- Origin of species -- Human evolution -- Living fossils -- Extinction -- Macroevolution -- Epilogue, old and new pictures https ...

Introduction -- Sitting ducks : extinction, humans, and birds in the pre-European contact era -- Counting extinction : observing and surveying the Kauaʻi ʻŌʻō and Hawaiian forest bird habitat -- ...