Formulas are powerful tools for performing calculations and analyzing data in Excel. In this beginner’s guide, you’ll learn how to use formulas and explore some popular built-in functions.

Excel’s BYCOL() and BYROW() functions evaluate data across columns and rows, returning an array result set allowing you to bypass a lot of work.

By default, references in Excel use the A1 reference style, which means that it refers to the column first, and then the row number. However, the INDIRECT function enables you to switch these around.