Football without pads and helmets would reduce injuries. I’ve been saying that in newspaper columns since 2004, before much of the debate about concussions and injuries grew so large.

But the visual profiles of some NFL football helmets may change drastically in ... Guardian Caps consist of a series of soft, rectilinear pads connected by fabric. After the caps were introduced ...

Football without pads and helmets would reduce injuries. I’ve been saying that in newspaper columns since 2004, before much of the debate about concussions and injuries grew so large.

When I did a quick internet search, I found that these were “Guardian Caps,” padded helmet covers that football players can use to protect themselves from brain injuries. Do they work?