The modern, advanced CMOS direct radio frequency (RF)-sampling data converter has been eagerly awaited by system design engineers for several major end-equipment manufacturers. This includes ...

The critical component in all digital communications receivers is the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC sampling rate, bandwidth, and noise tolerance establishes the specifications and ...

A special technique produces very wide loop BWs in high-frequency PLLs (and hence, indirect (PLL) synthesizers), thereby achieving very low phase noise rivaling that of direct (MMD) synthesizers. A ...

Many systems divide a crystal frequency by an integer number to generate clock signals. Unfortunately, the integer divisor limits the available set of output frequencies. Applications such as ...