John Egan is a veteran personal finance writer whose work has been published by outlets such as Bankrate, Experian, Newsweek Vault and Investopedia. Michael Adams is a former Cryptocurrency and ...

E. Napoletano is a former registered financial advisor and award-winning author and journalist. With more than 15 years of experience crafting content about all aspects of personal finance, Michael ...

Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) measures the overall investment return over a period of time. To calculate it, you must know the beginning value, end value (or ending balance), and the number of ...

The internal rate of return, or IRR, allows investors to analyze the profitability of investments and companies to analyze the profitability of capital outlays. The easiest way to understand IRR is by ...

Calculate annual % change by dividing start by end value, raising to inverse years, minus one, times 100. Ex: a drop from $15M to $10M over 2 years is a 18.4% average annual decline. This calculation ...