A hash function is like a mathematical blender — it swirls a bunch of data around according to some chosen set of operations, then outputs a small portion of the resulting smoothie. For cryptographic ...

In a new report, scientists offer a list of measurable qualities that might indicate the presence of some presence in a machine.

Imagine you had some useful knowledge — maybe a secret recipe, or the key to a cipher. Could you prove to a friend that you had that knowledge, without revealing anything about it? Computer scientists ...