The models trained in this article use an algorithm called nanoGPT, developed by Andrej Karpathy. Mr. Karpathy is a prominent A.I. researcher who recently joined OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT.

Like more than a few faculty colleagues before her, computer scientist Amber Wagner, Ph.D., started out by creating an AI assignment that was designed to flop. Teaching a course on the C++ programming ...