Integrated circuits have come a long way over the past few decades, from the very first chip working in a deserted TI lab during the summer of 1958 to the current core i7 processors from Intel. As the ...

MEMS are primarily transducer systems that can control or sense chemical, optical, or physical quantities, such as fluids, acceleration, or radiation. A MEMS device/transducer possesses an electrical ...

Lithography, once the exclusive domain of artists and printmakers, also lies at the heart of integrated circuit (IC) production. The process of shining light on a substrate through a photomask to ...

In this article, the most common errors occurring at different stages of the semiconductor fabrication process and the strategies to mitigate them are discussed. The ever-growing complexity of the ...