Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-class systems have entered undergraduate education with remarkable speed, provoking ...

Researchers at Google have developed a new AI paradigm aimed at solving one of the biggest limitations in today’s large language models: their inability to learn or update their knowledge after ...

This is where Collective Adaptive Intelligence (CAI) comes in. CAI is a form of collective intelligence in which the ...

In 2025, large language models moved beyond benchmarks to efficiency, reliability, and integration, reshaping how AI is ...

Large language models already read, write, and answer questions with striking skill. They do this by training on vast ...

Editor’s Note: Benjamin Jensen, one of the authors of this article, is the host of the new War on the Rocks members-only show, Not the AI You’re Looking For. If you are a member, you can access the ...

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results, but are they truly capable of reaching or surpassing human ...

The world of finance produces vast amounts of data, yet many types – such as text, audio, and image data – have historically been underutilized in financial modeling. Traditionally, stock prices are ...

Large language models represent text using tokens, each of which is a few characters. Short words are represented by a single token (like “the” or “it”), whereas larger words may be represented by ...