The maturation threat can operate when biological or psychological changes occur within subjects and these changes may account in part or in total for effects discerned in the study. For example, a ...

The following discussion is based on the framework of Campbell and Stanley, [1] in that specific threats to establishing a cause-and-effect relationship (i.e., internal validity) are associated with ...

In everyday language, the term validity is typically used to describe something as being trustworthy or legit. It's meaning in psychology suggests something similar—it's all about whether we can trust ...