Despite massive, large-scale integration being ubiquitous in contemporary electronic design, discrete MOSFETs in the classic CMOS totem pole topology are still sometimes indispensable. This makes tips ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

The TI TXU0304-Q1, an automotive-qualified, four-bit voltage-level translator, acts as a bridge between different logic levels and signal types at up to 200 Mb/s. We’ve all seen this situation in ...

This logic probe can be selected to operate on TTL or CMOS logic levels, depending on switch S1. A string of resistors associated with switch S1 sets the threshold levels for a window comparator ...