Advances in technology have reopened the debate over terraforming Mars, shifting it from an impossible dream to a long-term scientific and ethical question.

Arcadia Planitia does not draw attention in the way Mars’s great canyons or volcanoes do. It sits quietly across the northern ...

Scientists who work on long-term climate patterns usually stay close to Earth. The data is here, the records are clearer, and ...

Mars is a frozen shadow of its former self. Its riverbeds are dry, its air is thin and chock-full of carbon dioxide, and its soil is soaked with salts hostile to life. Yet beneath the red dust lies ...

One of the great unsolved problems in modern planetary science is written on the surface of Mars. Mars has canyons that were carved by rivers, so it was once warm enough for liquid water. How—and ...

The Martian polar vortex exhibits significantly lower temperatures (approximately 40°C colder) within its core compared to the surrounding atmosphere, a phenomenon observed through the use of the ...