Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Electrified telegraphy was the first practical use of electricity for long-distance communication. This was a tremendous improvement over flashing lights and waving signal flags. The well-known Morse ...

Receive fundamental information on analog and digital modulation methods by requesting this pocket guide. The guide also provides important signal generator specifications and parameters that should ...

The modulation scheme 16FSK is pretty unusual and not widely used. Yet it is now available in a new IC from CML Microcircuits. And it offers some unusually good benefits for those of you building low ...