The normal distribution is the probability distribution that plots all of its values along a symmetrical bell curve, with the highest probabilities centered around the mean value and tapering out ...

The normal distribution is pretty cool. It’s a mathematically determined probability distribution that does a good job of describing the patterns of variability between scores for many variables in ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

The Central Limit Theorem is a statistical concept applied to large data distributions. It says that as you randomly sample data from a distribution, the means and standard deviations of the samples ...

This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

Circular statistics is a specialised subfield of statistics that focuses on analysing data points distributed on a circle. Unlike conventional linear statistics, circular data is characterised by ...