About 700 million years ago, Earth was entombed in a veneer of ice hundreds of feet thick—a frozen state scientists refer to ...

Stronger El Niño events are more likely when springtime surface waters in the western Pacific Ocean become unusually salty, a ...

As human activities have released greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping excess heat and warming the planet, the ocean has absorbed more than 90% of that excess heat since the 1970s. The ocean ...