Native SPICE elements that accurately replicate an op amp’s real-world behavior were nonexistent. A transconductance sourcing current from the rails and transitioning to a resistive state as the ...

Previous installments of this series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the output impedance and small-signal bandwidth of ...

Previous installments of this article series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the output impedance, small-signal bandwidth, and input-referred errors of operational ...

As analog engineers, it’s tempting to fantasize about one day coming close to designing the ideal operational amplifier we encountered in college: infinite bandwidth, zero output resistance, and so on ...