Any organism is a by-product of both its genetic makeup and the environment. To understand this in detail, we must first appreciate some basic genetic vocabulary and concepts. Here, we provide ...

All the cells in an organism have the exact same genetic sequence. What differs across cell types is their epigenetics—meticulously placed chemical tags that influence which genes are expressed in ...

If you had to guess the most abundant organism on the whole planet, you’d probably think of ants or, maybe, bacteria. But a newly discovered virus might trump them all. Pelagibacter ubique is often ...

A flash of bright orange on a rocky outcrop might not look like much, but for paleontologists it could be a beacon pointing ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This article studies the transition in evolution from cells to multicellular organisms. The issues considered are applicable to all major ...

INVASION of the bloodstream by micro-organisms depends on a combination of inter-related circumstances, such as a mode or portal of entry, a susceptible host (reduced host resistance) or the presence ...

Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells in multicellular plants and animals are arranged into tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells. Tissues. Organs. Organ systems. And the organism itself.

In this dense volume, biologists Ågren (The Gene’s-Eye View of Evolution) and Patten gather perspectives from scientists and philosophers on the conflicts that occur within organisms. Though generally ...

Photo taken onboard China's manned submersible Jiaolong on June 27, 2012 shows the environment underwater at the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Submersible Jiaolong set a new national dive ...

If you guessed a redwood tree or a blue whale, you would be wrong. The largest organism is a fungus. And under climate change, it's likely to have an advantage compared to its host species. Scientists ...