Percolation theory examines the emergence of connected clusters in systems composed of randomly occupied sites or bonds, making it an invaluable framework for understanding phase transitions in ...

Bootstrap percolation, a model of irreversible activation on graphs, has emerged as a pivotal area within graph theory and statistical mechanics. In this process, nodes (or vertices) on a network are ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We study the sandpile model in infinite volume on $\mathbb{Z}_{d}$ . In particular, we are interested in the question whether or not initial ...