The key to three-dimensional plant architecture lies in precise control over the orientation of cell division. Plant cells divide periclinally to grow radially—leading to thickening—while anticlinal ...

Channels in plant cell walls, called plasmodesmata, provide molecules with a bridge to move between cells, an essential phenomenon for cellular growth and development. The mystery has long been how ...

Artistic rendering of cellulose biosynthesis with zoomed in view. Individual cellulose chains (dark brown) are synthesized by plasma membrane-bound (purple) cellulose synthase enzyme complexes (cream) ...

Cell division is fundamental to life, enabling growth, reproduction, and survival across all organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular animals. While animals and fungi share a ...