Learn what financial instruments are, explore major types and asset classes, and understand how they work in investing, trading, and portfolio construction.

This paper quantifies the size of the main industrial policy instruments in China and estimates their impact on domestic factor misallocation and aggregate productivity. The quantification of ...

This paper builds a novel database on the effects of macroprudential policy drawing from 58 empirical studies, comprising over 6,000 results on a wide range of instruments and outcome variables. It ...

Researchers have unveiled the first comprehensive global evaluation of 1,500 climate policy measures from 41 countries across six continents. The study provides a detailed impact analysis of the wide ...

Much of the debate about climate policy centers on which climate policy instruments work in reducing emissions, and which do not. Yet prior evaluations have focused on a limited range of headline ...

Research on climate policy is growing exponentially. Of the approximately 85,000 individual studies ever published on policy instruments for mitigating global heating, a good quarter are from 2020 or ...

As the world seeks to enhance global greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts, countries are exploring innovative and cost-effective ways to scale-up emissions reductions and foster private sector ...