Discover how probability distribution methods can help predict stock market returns and improve investment decisions. Learn to assess risk and potential gains.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Expected value calculates average future investment returns based on outcome probabilities. In finance, expected value guides portfolio construction and when to sell assets with lower future value.