The oil and gas production explosion is driving the renaissance of the chemical and process industries in North America. With low-cost natural gas comes low-cost feedstock for many chemical compounds, ...

Digitalization, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality are some examples of rapidly developing areas of technology that will have a big impact on how ...

1.1 Typical schedules (e.g., rotating 12-hour shifts) add 10%–30% overtime plus shift differentials ($1.50–$3.00/hr). 1.2 Rough annualization: \( \text{Annual ...

A steel processing plant in South Africa needed to upgrade its Wonderware InTouch 7.0 to version 9.5. Plant operators tried the initial upgrade and no errors were reported. But the implementation on ...