A supercomputer simulation of the "primordial soup" has revealed that its inner structure is surprisingly complex. When our universe burst into existence approximately 13.8 billion years ago, it ...

When our universe burst into existence approximately 13.8 billion years ago, it initially gave birth to a “primordial soup” composed of a state of matter known as the quark-gluon plasma. This plasma, ...

The strong interaction is one of the fundamental forces of nature, which binds quarks into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of atoms. According to the quark model, ...

Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of matter existing at extremely temperatures and densities, such as those that occur in collisions of hadrons (protons, neutrons and mesons). Under so-called ...

Scientists working at CERN's Large Hadron Collider Beauty (LHCb) experiment announced that they have finally figured out the structure of an exotic particle known as the pentaquark, meaning a group of ...

Scientists seeking to confirm earlier measurements of the strange quark's contribution to the proton's magnetic moment have found several surprises, instead. CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Scientists seeking to ...

The world's most advanced particle accelerator for investigating the quark structure of the atom's nucleus has just charmed physicists with a new capability. The production of charm quarks in J/psi ...

Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 359, No. 1779, The Quark Structure of Matter (Feb. 15, 2001), pp. 279-308 (30 pages) Photon structure derives from ...

High-energy collisions between heavy nuclei have in the past 20 years provided multiple indications of a deconfined phase of matter that exists at phenomenally high temperatures and pressures. This ...

Top observation CERN’s ATLAS experiment has confirmed that heavy quark–antiquark pairs are created in the collision of lead ions. (Courtesy: CERN/ATLAS Collaboration) Physicists working on the ATLAS ...