Pairs of quarks and antiquarks also make fleeting appearances. The quantum corrections necessary to allow for this swarm of gluons and quarks are very large, and hence perturbation theory — with ...

Carnegie Mellon University's Professor Curtis Meyer and his research colleagues explore an uncharted world inside protons and ...

Quarks are fundamental particles that flicker in and out of existence in quantum blizzards, their interactions governed by ...

Most top quarks are produced in top–antitop pairs by the strong force. The production rate for this process is substantial (it has a cross-section of about 7 picobarns) and the presence of two ...

Hadrons fall into two types: baryons - Made up of three quarks. Protons and neutrons are both types of baryon mesons - Made up of a quark and antiquark pair There are six types of quarks.

The net result of all of this is that there are only two viable sorts of quark composite: baryons, formed of three quarks (and their equivalent antibaryons, formed of three antiquarks); and mesons ...