It describes the forces and behavior of the Universe’s fundamental particles: quarks, leptons, and bosons. It is a very comprehensive framework backed by extensive experimental evidence and is ...

These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...

The Standard-Model Higgs boson branching fraction into charm quarks is 3% but new physics beyond the Standard Model could significantly enhance or reduce this. The sensitivity of the most promising ...

For decades, the realm of particle physics has been governed by two major categories: fermions and bosons. Fermions, like quarks and leptons, make up matter, while ... Continue Reading → ...

Don Lincon, a senior scientist at the U.S. particle physics laboratory Fermilab, describes bosons as “puppies of the subatomic world” because you can have an unlimited number of bosons in the same ...

The underlying theoretical construct in particle physics is called the Standard Model and it contains 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 4 gauge bosons, and one scalar boson (the Higgs boson), which interact ...

Review of Special Relativity and a brief introduction to general relativity. Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Fundamental particles, Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Bosons.

This includes leptons (such as the electron), the quarks that make up protons and neutrons, and gauge bosons, which mediate forces between the other particles. Antihydrogen is the simplest atom of ...

Quarks, munons, bosons, and dark matter galore. By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Riccardo Maria Bianchi / The ...