What happens when the smallest building blocks of matter refuse to play by the rules of traditional physics? For decades, ...

While quarks are particles that combine to form protons and neutrons, gluons act like glue, binding the quarks together. So far, scientists have been studying the atomic nucleus using two models.

In fact, if you ask, “what’s more important to the proton: quarks or gluons,” the answer depends on how you ask it. Here’s what really matters inside a proton.

Although they are connected with gluons, quarks differ in that their quantum spin is 1/2, and they have a mass, albeit a tiny one (for example, an 'up' quark has a mass of 2.01 MeV, and a 'down ...

However, quarks and gluons behave very differently than those larger particles, making them more difficult to study. John Negele, the W.A. Coolidge Professor of Physics at MIT, ...

But, if the gluons and quarks are close together, the “stretching rubber band” phenomenon does not occur. There may be particles that contain more than 3 quarks, the so called “exotics,” which may ...

Jentsch: And you get what, originally, we thought was a gas of the quarks and gluons inside. That wasn’t really what we ended up finding.

The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

The quarks that give it charge aren't hanging out with the gluons that provide mass. John Timmer – Apr 3, 2023 4:30 pm | 116 The Jefferson Lab particle accelerator, where the work took place.

The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to reproduce ...

Gluons mediate the strong force that "glues" together quarks, another type of subatomic particle, to form the protons and neutrons situated at the center of atoms of ordinary matter.