Risk aversion is a fundamental trait shaping how individuals, firms and policymakers respond to uncertain outcomes. It encapsulates the preference for certain outcomes over gambles with equivalent ...

Often we confront risks: opportunities where we have some probability of gaining or losing something and have to decide whether or not to accept the opportunity. The simplest risks are financial. For ...

A mathematical framework that builds on the economic theory of hidden-action models provides insight into how the unobservable nature of effort and risk shapes investigators' research strategies and ...

A mathematical framework that builds on the economic theory of hidden-action models provides insight into how the unobservable nature of effort and risk shapes investigators’ research strategies and ...

Overall US investor sentiment leaned toward risk aversion for the fifth month in a row, even as caution in equity markets diminished for a third straight month. Equity markets were volatile in March ...