Keywords: Performance-based designs. Shear-critical squat walls. Reinforced concrete (RC). Nuclear power plants (NPP). Databases. Experimental tests. Peak shear strength. Predictions. Finite element ...

In engineering practice, the shear strength of finer grained materials (such as earthfill and tailings) are often characterized through field and laboratory testing. Yet for coarse-grained materials ...

Root systems of individual crop plants may encounter large variations in mechanical impedance to root penetration. Split-root experiments were conducted to compare the effects of spatial variation in ...

Stress is defined as the force per unit area. Thus, the formula for calculating stress is: Where σ denotes stress, F is load and A is the cross sectional area. The most commonly used units for stress ...