First, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is doped with molybdenum (Mo) through initial hydrothermal synthesis. Next, additional hydrothermal synthesis is performed to deposit ruthenium oxide (RuO₂) onto the ...

Research led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, shows how viruses form protective shells (capsids) around their genomes, a process that—while messy and complex—consistently ...