Our eLibrary offers over 25,000 IMF publications in multiple formats. The informal sector accounts for a large fraction of the economy and labor force in many emerging market and developing economies.

SYDNEY, Oct 31 (Reuters) - U.S. tariffs have acted as a negative demand shock for a small open economy like New Zealand's, Prasanna Gai, a member on the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's rate setting ...

We develop and estimate a parsimonious New-Keynesian small open-economy model that incorporates Diagnostic Expectations (DE)—a behavioral alternative to Rational Expectations (RE). Under DE, agents ...

Surging import costs. Mounting payroll and healthcare expenses. A shortage of affordable loans. And a stressed-out workforce. Small businesses are facing mounting pressure from America’s affordability ...