Drag reduction in turbulent flow systems is a pivotal area of research, with significant implications for reducing energy consumption and minimising greenhouse gas emissions across maritime and ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...

The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...